Pidgins and creoles usually though not always draw their lexicon primarily from a single language, but the grammar as a whole comes neither from that language nor. One such situation, rather rare today, involves contact between relatively small groups leading to extensive multilingualism and diffusion of both vocabulary and grammar across their languages. It is argued that pidgins and creoles lack certain linguistic features like articles, copula, grammatical inflections, etc. Language change and language contact in pidgins and creoles download language change and language contact in pidgins and creoles ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. The emergence of creoles and language change salikoko s. The papers demonstrate how pidgins and creoles shed light on issues such as verb movement, contact induced language change and its gradations, discourse management via tenseaspect particles, language genesis, substratal transfer, and universal grammar, and cover a wide range of. Among the localities most suitable for special studies are those in which the marginal languages are spoken. There is, however, a broad consensus that creole languages result from intense contact between multiple languages and involve linguistic features from a socially. A creole language, or simply creole, is a stable natural language that develops from the simplifying and mixing of different languages into a new one within a fairly brief period of time. As the word is used for any action or occupation cf.
Spears 1 introduction this chapter deals with the relationship between african american english aae and atlantic creoles, including u. Creole languages most often emerged in colonies located near the coasts of the atlantic ocean or the indian ocean. What some germans have ambitiously called the sociology of language sprachsoziologie is still in its infancy. Pidgins and creoles are new languages that develop in language contact situations because of a need for communication among people who do not share a common language. Definition and examples of pidgins in language studies. However, from then 1672 until 1788 the slave trade was a cornerstone of english economic life. The book deals with the linguistic, historical and social aspects of the development of pidgin and creole languages. In the lifecycle of pidgins one can note that they start off as restricted language varieties used in marginal contact situations for minimal trading purposes. This book is concerned with pidgin and creole languages. Offers an account of current approaches to all of the. They are therefore the easiest products of language contact to detect retrospectively, provided that at least some of their source languages are still available for comparison.
Some specialized languages were developed to keep the outsider at bay. Pidgins and creoles aims to introduce the reader to the exciting and important field of pidgin and creole studies. Creoles differ from pidgins in that, as first languages, they are subject to the natural processes of change like any other language see below linguistic change, and, despite the deliberately simplified form of the original pidgin, creoles develop their own complexities in the course of generations. In keeping with their extended social role, creoles typically have a larger vocabulary and more complicated grammatical resources than pidgins. Summary pidgins and creoles are new varieties of language generated in situations of language contact.
Pidgins and creoles encyclopedia of life support systems. Provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of contact linguistics. A creole comes into being when children are born into a pidginspeaking environment and acquire the pidgin as a first language. In other circumstances, languages have been deliberately created to facilitate communication with outsiders. Pidgins and creoles a language is a dialect with an army and a navy, but my accent often turns out to be your dialect mccrum et al. Language contact is extremely common in most deaf communities, which are almost always located within a dominant oral language culture. Pidgins and creoles are new varieties of language generated in situations of language contact. Jan 20, 2020 language contact often occurs along borders or as a result of migration.
Click download or read online button to language change and language contact in pidgins and creoles book pdf for free now. The focus is on papers which approach issues in creole studies with novel perspectives, address understudied pidgin and creole varieties, or compellingly argue. Pidgins are generally characterised as restricted and extended. The bbc is launching 11 new language services and one of them is englishbased pidgin, which is one of the most widely spoken languages across west africa, even though it is not officially recognised. Languages in contact linguistic society of america. Whats the difference between a pidgin and a creole. This occurs because the restricted uses to which pidgins were first put and for which they were devised did not require any great flexibility. Pdf pidgin and creole languages salikoko s mufwene and. This book is a comprehensive introduction to the study of language contact and its outcomes, as well as the social and linguistic factors involved. Twoway influence is less common and is typically restricted to specific regions.
Introduction the contact languages that are commonly referred to as pidgins and creoles henceforth pc were not recognized as fullfledged languages until recently. Aae is of interest for creole studies, and language contact studies more broadly, because it displays some features of. View rickfordmcwhorter language contact, pidgins and creoles. Pc are hybrids, in that they derive from contact between at least two language types usually due to conflicts between two or more groups of people. Ebook an introduction to pidgins and creoles as pdf download.
Language change and language contact in pidgins and creoles. It can also take place between two or more sign languages, and the expected contact phenomena occur. Put simply, a pidgin is the firstgeneration version of a language that forms between native speakers of different languages a makeshift communication bridge, if you will. Pidginscreoles and african american english arthur k. In the lifecycle of pidgins one can note that they start off as restricted language varieties used. Speakers of the small tungusic language udege in the amur river area in the extreme southeast of. Some contact languages and pidgin and creole languages in the. Chinese has influenced japanese, for instance, though the reverse has not largely been true. Rickfordmcwhorter language contact, pidgins and creoles.
This happens when people speaking two different languages have to work together, usually in some form of trade relation or administrative routine. But many other contact situations have led to language transfer of various types, often so extensive that new contact languages are created. A pidgin arises when speakers of two different languages encounter one another and have a need for limited communications. A creole is a pidgin with native speakers, or one thats been passed down to a second generation. Language change and language contact in pidgins and creoles book. This position has been disputed by, especially, chaudenson 2001, 2003, mufwene 2001, 2005, 2008, and degraff 2009, for reasons i. Aug 11, 2017 pidgins and creoles are new varieties of language generated in situations of language contact. Examines a wide range of language contact phenomena from both general linguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives. The difference between pidgin and creole is a bit more subtle than you think. In linguistics, what is the difference between pidgin and creole. Multilingualism and language contact languages in danger. Pidgins and creoles complicate the everyday idea of what a language is, what a dialect is, and where one language stops and another begins.
At first, youre just two languages who are sort of seeing each other. In this book suzanne romaine provides a clear, lively, and accessible introduction to the field of sociolinguistics and emphasizes the constant interaction between society and language, discussing both traditional and recent issues including. The papers demonstrate how pidgins and creoles shed light on issues such as verb movement, contact induced language change and its gradations, discourse management via tenseaspect particles, language genesis, substratal transfer, and universal grammar, and cover a w. Detailed case studies of individual pidgins and creoles are based around texts drawn from a range of different types and contexts mainly contemporary, with discussion and grammatical notes. A pidgin continues to be used primarily as a second language for intergroup communication, whereas a creole has become the mother tongue of a particular group of speakers. The papers demonstrate how pidgins and creoles shed light on issues such as verb movement, contact induced language change and its gradations, discourse management via tenseaspect particles, language genesis, substratal transfer, and universal grammar, and cover a wide range of contact languages, ranging from english and frenchbased creoles. When the comparative phonology in chapter five comes to apicals, for example, the discussion begins apical consonants are produced with the tip of the tongue against the upper teeth or the alveolar ridge. A creole, in the classical sense of hall 1966, is a pidgin that has acquired native speakers, usually, the descendants of pidgin speakers who grow up using the pidgin as their first language. Mufwene 1 introduction from an evolutionary perspective, creoles have typically been discussed in relation to pidgins, from which they have allegedly evolved. A creole is a stable natural language developed from the mixing of parent languages. In short, treating pidgins and creoles as contact languages compels creolists to consider other outcomes of language contact, and the often nonlinguistic factors. May 15, 2000 the papers demonstrate how pidgins and creoles shed light on issues such as verb movement, contact induced language change and its gradations, discourse management via tenseaspect particles, language genesis, substratal transfer, and universal grammar, and cover a wide range of contact languages, ranging from english and frenchbased creoles.
The transfer of words of phrases can be oneway or twoway. Pidgins and creoles chapter 16 the cambridge handbook of. Pdf creole and pidgin languages are often considered simplified. What we know about the history and origins of existing creoles suggests that this may happen at any stage in the development of a pidgin. Creoles on the other hand there are creoles which are actually when a pidgin becomes a first language of a new generation, as a result of being born at a place where a pidgin is used. Request pdf on jan 1, 2017, marlyse baptista and others published pidgins and creoles find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Pidgins and creoles eul journal of social sciences v. Chapters are interspersed with exercises to consolidate and develop the readers understanding.